Radio frequency is an automatic
identification process used for transmitting data between an RFID tag
and RFID reader with the help of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields.
The RFID tag is a device used to store data of any stuff, persons,
books, animals, etc. RFID tags
are of different types some tags can be placed near to the RFID reader
and some can read from far away distances beyond the line of sight of
the reader.
There are different types of RFID systems
in the market that consists of an antenna, transceiver and a
transponder. These systems operate at different frequency ranges like
low frequency (30-500 kHz), mid frequency (900-1500 kHz) and high
frequency (2.4-2.5GHz). Let us see one of the example based application
of RFID-based-attendance-management system in brief.
RFID Based Attendance System
The
aim of this project is to maintain the record of the students’
attendance by using RFID tags. Each student is issued with his/ her
authorized tag, which can be used for swiping in front of the RFID
reader to record their attendance.
In
most of the colleges and schools,attendance is recorded manually – such
a process consumes lots of time. In this proposed system, attendance
system is implemented by using advanced wireless technology
“RFID”. Only the authorized students are provided with the RFID tags.
This tag consists of an inbuilt integrated circuit for storing and
processing information.
Circuit Diagram of RFID based Attendance System
Microcontroller
AT89C52 Microcontroller from 8051 family is used in this system. It consists of four ports and 40 pins.
Oscillator Circuit
Oscillator circuit is connected between the 18 and 19 th pin of the microcontroller and consist of an oscillator with a frequency of 11.0592 MHz and two capacitors of 33pF.
Preset Circuit
The 9th pin of the microcontroller is RST pin, which is reset pin. This preset circuit comprises a switch, a capacitor of (10u) and a resistor of 10k. When the switch is pressed, the RST pin is connected to the power supply(Vcc) and the microcontroller gets reset.
LCD Display
The LCD display
is used for displaying the data. It consists of 16 pins: three pins are
connected to the power supply, and the remaining pins are connected to
the port 2 of the microcontroller.
RFID Reader
The RFID reader is a module with RFID reader and antenna. It is small in size and integrates with any sort of hardware design. It is used to read the data stored in the RFID tags.
Circuit Working
The
data stored in this tag is referred to as the identification and
attendance of the person. Once the student places the card in front of
the RFID reader, it reads the data and compares the data stored in the microcontroller which is programmed by using Embedded C language.
If the data matches, then it displays the information on the LCD. This
RFID attendance system also makes use of the status button for
retrieving the status of students’ attendance, which is interfaced to the microcontroller.
By using this advanced concept, a lot of time can be saved as all the
students’ attendance information is directly stored in the database.
Related RFID Applications
In addition to the above discussed project, here we are giving some more applications of RFID system for the reader for understanding purpose.
RFID Technology for Device Control and Authentication in Industries
The
system is designed to provide security in an organization by allowing
only the authorized persons to access the secure area. The main priority
is the security in any organization. The authorized persons are
assigned with RFID tags that allow them into the secured premises.
The RFID tag consists of an integrated circuit, which is used for storing and processing the data, modulating and demodulating
the radio frequency signal that is to be transmitted. When a person
shows the RFID tag in front of the RFID reader and the reader reads the
data and compares the data stored in the system. If the data matches
with the stored data, the system authorizes the person and allows to
enter into the secured area so that the person can take control of
various devices. The system also displays the result on the LCD. If it
finds the provided information mismatched then, it alerts an
unauthorized entry with a buzzer sounds as an indication of entering or providing wrong information.
RFID Technology For Books Tracking in Libraries
Searching
and arrangement of misplaced books is a difficult task often carried
out by the library personnel. Many a times Librarians busily search the
improperly placed books or books wrongly placed by the library users and
students in the library of a school, office or college. And often find
this task very difficult. To overcome this problem, an RFID based
intelligent book tracking system has been developed for monitoring the
books in the library through wireless communication between the RFID
reader and the books. This system consists of RFID tag and RFID reader
to detect the information about the books placed in the library.
RFID Technology for Intelligent Tollgate System
The
proposed system performs the following actions such as detecting,
billing and accounting for vehicles as they pass through a toll gate
within the frequency range between 30 kHz and 2.5GHz. In this system, an
RFID tag is programmed with the vehicle owner’s information in the form
with an EPC (electronic product code) that can ensures to read the data
at certain distances and detects the vehicle in order to enhances a
transaction.
RFID Technology for Authenication of Passport Details
A Passport system can become intelligent enough by the implementation of RFID technology
to it. In this system, passport service issues RFID tag to eligible
citizen, which contains passport details like name, address,
nationality, passport number, and other relevant data. During the time
of authentication, the RFID card reader reads that information and
compares it with the data stored in the passport database. If it finds
to be matched, then it will allow for further precedence,otherwise it
alerts the authorities as fake details.
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